ПОЛЬСКИЙ ОПЫТ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СУДЕЙСКОГО КОРПУСА И ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ НЕЗАВИСИМОГО СТАТУСА СУДЬИ

Abstract

This article has been prepared based on materials obtained during an introductory internship at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Warsaw (Poland) in April 2023. 

The article examines the experience of the Republic of Poland in the formation of the judiciary and ensuring the independent status of judges. 

The author provides a general overview of the Polish judicial system and legislation related to courts. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing the system of courts of general jurisdiction (district, regional, and appellate courts), which form the core of the Polish judicial system. These courts are responsible for considering civil, economic, and criminal cases, as well as cases arising from labor relations and social insurance.

The article explores the process of forming the judicial corps, including the simplified procedure for participation in the competition for vacant judge positions for representatives of certain legal professions (legal scholars, lawyers, and legal consultants).

A separate section of the article discusses the legal status of Polish judges, including the consolidation of immunity from liability, privileges, and guarantees of judges' independent status in the legislation, as well as their rights and obligations.

Throughout the study, the author emphasizes the importance of proper material and social security for judges as one of the main guarantees of judicial independence. In addressing this issue, the author draws on the Polish experience of incentivizing judges, including revealing the specifics of the remuneration system, the establishment of allowances, vacation policies, and other measures of material and social support for judges.

The article is written using comparative legal analysis methods.